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http://www.aids.gov/podcast/podcast-gallery/

Podcasts from AIDS.gov, featuring information from the Federal government about HIV/AIDS prevention, testing, research, treatment, and using new media in response to HIV/AIDS. Categories include: Basic HIV information, New Media, Federal Programs and Policies, HIV/AIDS Awareness Days, and Real Stories.

Proper citation: AIDS.gov Podcast (RRID:SCR_006750) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.dkfz.de/en/mga/Groups/LIFEdb-Database.html

Database that integrates large-scale functional genomics assays and manual cDNA annotation with bioinformatics gene expression and protein analysis. LifeDB integrates data regarding full length cDNA clones and data on expression of encoded protein and their subcellular localization on mammalian cell line. LifeDB enables the scientific community to systematically search and select genes, proteins as well as cDNA of interest by specific database identifiers as well as gene name. It enables to visualize cDNA clone and subcellular location of proteins. It also links the results to external biological databases in order to provide a broader functional information. LifeDB also provides an annotation pipeline which facilitates an improved mapping of clones to known human reference transcripts from the RefSeq database and the Ensembl database. An advanced web interface enables the researchers to view the data in a more user friendly manner. Users can search using any one of the following search options available both in Search gene and cDNA clones and Search Sub-cellular locations of human proteins: By Keyword, By gene/transcript identifier, By plate name, By clone name, By cellular location. * The Search genes and cDNA clones results include: Gene Name, Ensemble ID, Genomic Region, Clone name, Plate name, Plate position, Classification class, Synonymous SNP''s, Non- synonymous SNP''s, Number of ambiguous positions, and Alignment with reference genes. * The Search sub-cellular locations of human proteins results include: Subcellular location, Gene Name, Ensemble ID, Clone name, True localization, Images, Start tag and End tag. Every result page has an option to download result data (excluding the microscopy images). On click of ''Download results as CSV-file'' link in the result page the user will be given a choice to open or save result data in form of a CSV (Comma Separated Values) file. Later the CSV file can be easily opened using Excel or OpenOffice.

Proper citation: LifeDB (RRID:SCR_006899) Copy   

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http://www.genoscope.cns.fr/externe/tetraodon/

The initial objective of Genoscope was to compare the genomic sequences of this fish to that of humans to help in the annotation of human genes and to estimate their number. This strategy is based on the common genetic heritage of the vertebrates: from one species of vertebrate to another, even for those as far apart as a fish and a mammal, the same genes are present for the most part. In the case of the compact genome of Tetraodon, this common complement of genes is contained in a genome eight times smaller than that of humans. Although the length of the exons is similar in these two species, the size of the introns and the intergenic sequences is greatly reduced in this fish. Furthermore, these regions, in contrast to the exons, have diverged completely since the separation of the lineages leading to humans and Tetraodon. The Exofish method, developed at Genoscope, exploits this contrast such that the conserved regions which can be identified by comparing genomic sequences of the two species, correspond only to coding regions. Using preliminary sequencing results of the genome of Tetraodon in the year 2000, Genoscope evaluated the number of human genes at about 30,000, whereas much higher estimations were current. The progress of the annotation of the human genome has since supported the Genoscope hypothesis, with values as low as 22,000 genes and a consensus of around 25,000 genes. The sequencing of the Tetraodon genome at a depth of about 8X, carried out as a collaboration between Genoscope and the Whitehead Institute Center for Genome Research (now the Broad Institute), was finished in 2002, with the production of an assembly covering 90 of the euchromatic region of the genome of the fish. This has permitted the application of Exofish at a larger scale in comparisons with the genome of humans, but also with those of the two other vertebrates sequenced at the time (Takifugu, a fish closely related to Tetraodon, and the mouse). The conserved regions detected in this way have been integrated into the annotation procedure, along with other resources (cDNA sequences from Tetraodon and ab initio predictions). Of the 28,000 genes annotated, some families were examined in detail: selenoproteins, and Type 1 cytokines and their receptors. The comparison of the proteome of Tetraodon with those of mammals has revealed some interesting differences, such as a major diversification of some hormone systems and of the collagen molecules in the fish. A search for transposable elements in the genomic sequences of Tetraodon has also revealed a high diversity (75 types), which contrasts with their scarcity; the small size of the Tetraodon genome is due to the low abundance of these elements, of which some appear to still be active. Another factor in the compactness of the Tetraodon genome, which has been confirmed by annotation, is the reduction in intron size, which approaches a lower limit of 50-60 bp, and which preferentially affects certain genes. The availability of the sequences from the genomes of humans and mice on one hand, and Takifugu and Tetraodon on the other, provide new opportunities for the study of vertebrate evolution. We have shown that the level of neutral evolution is higher in fish than in mammals. The protein sequences of fish also diverge more quickly than those of mammals. A key mechanism in evolution is gene duplication, which we have studied by taking advantage of the anchoring of the majority of the sequences from the assembly on the chromosomes. The result of this study speaks strongly in favor of a whole genome duplication event, very early in the line of ray-finned fish (Actinopterygians). An even stronger evidence came from synteny studies between the genomes of humans and Tetraodon. Using a high-resolution synteny map, we have reconstituted the genome of the vertebrate which predates this duplication - that is, the last common ancestor to all bony vertebrates (most of the vertebrates apart from cartilaginous fish and agnaths like lamprey). This ancestral karyotype contains 12 chromosomes, and the 21 Tetraodon chromosomes derive from it by the whole genome duplication and a surprisingly small number of interchromosomal rearrangements. On the contrary, exchanges between chromosomes have been much more frequent in the lineage that leads to humans. Sponsors: The project was supported by the Consortium National de Recherche en Genomique and the National Human Genome Research Institute.

Proper citation: Tetraodon Genome Browser (RRID:SCR_007079) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.broadinstitute.org/

Biomedical and genomic research center located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Nonprofit research organization under the name Broad Institute Inc., and is partners with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, and the five Harvard teaching hospitals. Dedicated to advance understanding of biology and treatment of human disease to improve human health.

Proper citation: Broad Institute (RRID:SCR_007073) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.chr7.org

Database containing the DNA sequence and annotation of the entire human chromosome 7, encompassing nearly 158 million nucleotides of DNA and 1917 gene structures, are presented; the most up to date collation of sequence, gene, and other annotations from all databases (eg. Celera published, NCBI, Ensembl, RIKEN, UCSC) as well as unpublished data. To generate a higher order description, additional structural features such as imprinted genes, fragile sites, and segmental duplications were integrated at the level of the DNA sequence with medical genetic data, including 440 chromosome rearrangement breakpoints associated with disease. The objective of this project is to generate a comprehensive description of human chromosome 7 to facilitate biological discovery, disease gene research and medical genetic applications. There are over 360 disease-associated genes or loci on chromosome 7. A major challenge ahead will be to represent chromosome alterations, variants, and polymorphisms and their related phenotypes (or lack thereof), in an accessible way. In addition to being a primary data source, this site serves as a weighing station for testing community ideas and information to produce highly curated data to be submitted to other databases such as NCBI, Ensembl, and UCSC. Therefore, any useful data submitted will be curated and shown in this database. All Chromosome 7 genomic clones (cosmids, BACs, YACs) listed in GBrowser and in other data tables are freely distributed.

Proper citation: Chromosome 7 Annotation Project (RRID:SCR_007134) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://phm.utoronto.ca/~jeffh/neuromouse.htm

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on February 17, 2023.Toolbook(tm) based, interactive graphical database which provides structural, molecular, and genetic information on the adult murine nervous system; and its relevance to human neurobiology. This resource is primarily designed as a platform for users to interact, each sharing knowledge on their own area of expertise, which is compiled to a master database. This hypertext atlas presently comprises more than 1000 pages and is designed to provide a flexible integrated resource for the description and discussion of all forms mammalian neurologic data. Version 4.0 of the NeuroMouse program extends the program's basic framework to include a number of areas in modern molecular neurobiology. This system provides an integrated resource for the characterization and description of mammalian neurological data. Major divisions include: Neural Atlas, Molecular Atlas, Genetics/Surgical Lesion Atlas. Neuromouse has been integrated into our strain-specific three dimensional MRI and surgical atlases of the murine CNS. Database contents: Neural Atlas: - Rotational representation of the murine brain. - Neural structures: visual and alphabetic point and click index of neural structures, pathways and systems. - Brain atlas:photographic serial sections in the coronal, sagittal, and horizontal planes (average plate distance - 300 um). Physical brain distances are also provided as are meta-index grids to allow rapid movement between different planes and regions. # Catalog of primary and immortalized neural cells indexed to relevant neural structures. Molecular Atlas: - Index of neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine, GABA, Glutamate, Aspartate, Glycine, Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Serotonin (synthesis, distribution, degradation, molecular modules, receptors, subunits, agonists, antagonists, gene structure, localization, physical properties and transgenics are indicated for each item). - Index of neurotrophins / neurokines: NGF, BDNF, NT-3, NT-4/5, CNTF, LIF, Onostain M, IL-6, GDNF, FGF's, S100b (ligand, receptors, expression pattern, physical properties, homologous factors, transgenics/knockouts, chromosomal location, effects of agent, and effects of factors on agent are indicated for each item). - Index of additional neural agents: Bcl-2, TNF/Fas, TGF-beta, P53/Rb, PDGF, EGF family (ligand, receptor, expression patterns, physical properties, homologous factors, transgenics/ knockouts, chromosomal location, effects of agent, effects of factors on agent are indicated for each item). - Molecular biology: Molecular biology of important neural genes with integrated l links, plus selected neural topics (ex. programmed cell death, inducible gene systems, protein motifs, neural gene elements, and selected signal transduction pathways). Genetics Atlas: - Lesion paradigms: Index of common neuronal structural and chemical lesion paradigms. - Selected procedures: description of common neurosurgical, cell tracing, culturing and laboratory procedures. - Neurologic syndromes: Index of important human neurologic syndromes and appropriate animals models. - Neural mutant database: Index and description of naturally occurring and genetically modified murine neurologic mutations; including pages on double knockout animals. Interactive maps of each murine chromosome and human syntenic maps.

Proper citation: NeuroMouse Database (RRID:SCR_001143) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.brain-dynamics.net/

The Brain Dynamics Centre (BDC) is a network of centers and units. It achieves a unique exploration of the healthy brain and disorders of brain function. It translates these insights into new ways to tailor treatments to the individual. There approach is: "integrative neuroscience" - bringing together clinical observations, theory, and modern imaging technologies. And it's theoretical framework derives from linking physiology, psychology and evolution. Additionally, BDC also actively researches ADHD and conduct disorder, stress and trauma-related problems, depression and anxiety, anorexia nervosa, psychosis (including early onset) and conversion disorders. The research facilities DBC include assessment, rooms, two cognition-brain function laboratories, genotyping and an MRI Suite with 1.5 and 3T GE systems. BDC is the coordinating site for an international network - BRAINnet. It has over 180 members, and coordinates access to the first standardized database on the human brain for scientific purposes: Brain Resource International Database.

Proper citation: Brain Dynamics Centre (RRID:SCR_001685) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/

Open source software suite for processing and analyzing human brain MRI images. Used for reconstruction of brain cortical surface from structural MRI data, and overlay of functional MRI data onto reconstructed surface. Contains automatic structural imaging stream for processing cross sectional and longitudinal data. Provides anatomical analysis tools, including: representation of cortical surface between white and gray matter, representation of the pial surface, segmentation of white matter from rest of brain, skull stripping, B1 bias field correction, nonlinear registration of cortical surface of individual with stereotaxic atlas, labeling of regions of cortical surface, statistical analysis of group morphometry differences, and labeling of subcortical brain structures.Operating System: Linux, macOS.

Proper citation: FreeSurfer (RRID:SCR_001847) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.cogneurosociety.org/

The Cognitive Neuroscience Society (CNS) is committed to the development of mind and brain research aimed at investigating the psychological, computational, and neuroscientific bases of cognition. Since its founding in 1994, the Society has been dedicated to bringing its 2000 worldwide members the latest research and dialogues in order to facilitate public, professional and scientific discourse. The term cognitive neuroscience has now been with us for almost three decades, and identifies an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the nature of thought. Our members, who are engaged in research focused on elucidating the biological underpinnings of mental processes, form a network of scientists and scholars working at the interface of mind, brain and behavior research. The findings of this research are presented at our member-supported annual scientific conference. The three-day program of plenary speakers, symposia, posters and special events covers all aspects of cognitive neuroscience research. The Society also disseminates information regarding employment opportunities, training fellowships, research grants, and information on related scientific conferences in its monthly newsletter. Our members can receive the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience at a substantial discount.

Proper citation: Cognitive Neuroscience Society (RRID:SCR_001990) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://bbrfoundation.org/

The Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (formerly NARSAD, the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression) is committed to alleviating the suffering of mental illness by awarding grants that will lead to advances and breakthroughs in scientific research. Additionally, learn about brain and behavior disorders and upcoming events.
100% of all donor contributions for research are invested in NARSAD Grants leading to discoveries in understanding causes and improving treatments of disorders in children and adults, such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and anxiety disorders like obsessive-compulsive and post-traumatic stress disorders. Over a quarter of a century, we have awarded nearly $300 million worldwide to more than 3,000 scientists carefully selected by our prestigious Scientific Council. We receive no government funding. All of our work relies on contributions from families, foundations and other caring donors.

Proper citation: Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (RRID:SCR_001992) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://brainmapping.org/

This is a topical portal dedicated to the communication of news, science, and information of interest to the brain mapping community, and to sharing and promoting the science of brain mapping. The purpose and goal of brain mapping is to advance the understanding of the relationship between structure and function in the human brain. Scientists in this field seek to gain knowledge of the physical processes that underly human sensation, attention, awareness and cognition. These results are immediately applicable to surgical intervention, to the design of medical interventions and to the treatment of psychological and psychiatric disorders.

Proper citation: www.brainmapping.org (RRID:SCR_001987) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.sanbi.ac.za/resources/

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on September 23, 2022. The South African National Bioinformatics Institute delivers biomedical discovery appropriate to both international and African context. Researchers at SANBI perform the highest level of research and provide excellence in education. Research at SANBI has set well recognized milestones in the field of computational biology. The tools and techniques used have not only been developed but also implemented across heterogeneous domains of advanced research. Local and international efforts have driven our discoveries. Until recently, the core of SANBIs research has focused upon gene expression biology. Methods developed and applied at SANBI revolve around a greater understanding of the underlying causes of diseases. SANBI approaches the problem by comparison of genes, genomes and transcriptomes. It uses computational gene expression biology to create novel biological insights and to provide biomarkers for experimental validation. It also performs analysis of human genome variation, transcriptional diversity on both the expression and splicing level and the unravelling of transcriptional regulatory networks. Resources - Hinv, STACKdb, Malaria resources and Trypanosome databases are available for on-line seaching. - SANBI offers WCD, STACKdb, stackPACK and eVOC and the eVOKE viewer as tools that can be downloaded. Sponsors: SANBI receives funding and support from a range of organisations in South Africa and Internationally. Organisations currently supporting SANBI include: South Africa * South African Medical Research Council * South African AIDS Vaccine Initiative * National Bioinformatics Network * National Research Foundation * Claude Leon Foundation * International Business Machines Inc. Europe * European Unions 6th Framework Programme * World Health Organization USA * US National Institutes of Health * Fogarty International Centre * Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research

Proper citation: South African National Bioinformatics Institute: Resources (RRID:SCR_001867) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.iscbfm.org/

The International Society for Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism is a corporation operated exclusively for the purpose of promoting the advancement of education in the science of cerebral blood flow and metabolism throughout the world. The ISCBFM produces a quarterly newsletter, an official journal (Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism), have a yearly meeting, opportunities to host summer schools and a job board. ISCBFM members organize summer schools which are courses that have the aim to bring together young and experienced scientists for educational purposes. The biennial Brain Meetings also have a substantial part of the time allocated for educational purposes for young scientists interested in the field of cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Preference will be given to suggestions that are seen as a complement to scheduled courses in connection with the Brain Meetings and to courses that are given in between Brain Meetings.

Proper citation: ISCBFM - International Society for Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism (RRID:SCR_001989) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.gmu.edu/departments/krasnow/

The Krasnow Institute seeks to expand understanding of mind, brain, and intelligence by conducting research at the intersection of the separate fields of cognitive psychology, neurobiology, and the computer-driven study of artificial intelligence and complex adaptive systems. These separate disciplines increasingly overlap and promise progressively deeper insight into human thought processes. The Institute also examines how new insights from cognitive science research can be applied for human benefit in the areas of mental health, neurological disease, education, and computer design. It is this informed access to mind and brain that is the core of the mission of The Krasnow Institute. While their goals and tools are scientific, they also are fully cognizant of the applications of the results for the benefit of mankind, in areas like mental health, neurological diseases, and computer design. In asking the major questions they realized the necessity of being flexible, innovative, and trans-disciplinary. Therefore, they became dedicated to bringing together scholars from a wide variety of specialties and providing a milieu where they can be both productive and interactive. This institute will provide these researchers with the tools required to move ahead and create an environment of optimal scientific integrity coupling innovation with risk taking. The Krasnow institute is especially attuned to the deep insights from evolutionary biology, which is at the root of understanding all organismic functions including cognition; computer studies of complex systems, which present a revolution in our ability to deal with the world of interactive agents; and a long history of cognitive psychology, which provides a huge data base of human abilities and responses. It also continues to develop its long-term research program based on the contributions of George Mason University faculty holding joint appointments at Krasnow and other GMU academic departments. Additionally, the Krasnow Institute Department of Molecular Neuroscience, together with the College of Science (COS) and the College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHSS), oversees the campus-wide Neuroscience Council in developing the Neuroscience PhD curriculum. Research groups in the Krasnow institute include: - Adaptive Systems Laboratory - Center for Neural Dynamics - Center for Social Complexity - Center for the Study of Neuroeconomics o Neuroeconomics Laboratory - Comparative Vertebrate Neurobiology Research Group - Center for Neuroinformatics, Neural Structures, and Neuroplasticity (CN3) o Computational and Experimental Neuroplasticity (CENlab) o Computational Neuroanatomy Group o Physiological and Behavioral Neuroscience in Juveniles (PBNJ) Lab - Receptor Complexes and Signaling Lab - Krasnow Investigations of Developmental Learning and Behavior (KIDLAB) - Neuro Imaging Core of the Krasnow Institute

Proper citation: George Mason University: Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study (RRID:SCR_001741) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.humanbrainmapping.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=1

International society dedicated to advancing understanding of anatomical and functional organization of human brain using neuroimaging. Primary function of society is to provide educational forums for exchange of up-to-the-minute and groundbreaking research across neuroimaging methods and applications. OHBM achieves this through its member led committees and Annual Meeting that is held in different locations throughout the world.

Proper citation: Organization for Human Brain Mapping (RRID:SCR_001978) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://opencourse.org/Collaboratories/harveyproject/

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented August 23, 2016. It is an international collaboration of educators, researchers, physicians, students, programmers, instructional designers and graphic artists working together to build interactive, dynamic human physiology course materials on the Web. Sponsors: This work has received funding from the US National Science Foundation.

Proper citation: Harvey Project: Open Course Collaboratories (RRID:SCR_001887) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

https://ostr.ccr.cancer.gov/resources/provider_details/nci-mouse-repository

The NCI Mouse Repository cryoarchives and distributes strains of genetically engineered mice that are of immediate interest to the cancer research community. These are either gene-targeted or transgenic mice that display a cancer-related phenotype, or tool strains (e.g., cre transgenics) that can be used to develop new cancer models. You do not have to be a member of the NCI Mouse Repository or a recipient of NCI funding to have your mouse model distributed through the NCI Mouse Repository. NCI Mouse Repository strains are maintained as live colonies or cryoarchived as frozen embryos, depending on demand. Up to three breeder pairs may be ordered from live colonies. Cryoarchived strains are supplied as frozen embryos or recovery of live mice by the NCI Mouse Repository may be requested.

Proper citation: NCI Mouse Repository (RRID:SCR_002264) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/mhc/rbc/Final Archive

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on August 23, 2019.BGMUT was database that provided publicly accessible platform for DNA sequences and curated set of blood mutation information. Data Archive are available at ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/mhc/rbc/Final Archive.

Proper citation: Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database (RRID:SCR_002297) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

https://netbio.bgu.ac.il/tissuenet3/

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented on 7/15/13. The Nation's one-stop resource for information about substance abuse prevention and addiction treatment offering more than 500 items to the public, many of which are free of charge. They distribute the latest studies and surveys, guides, videocassettes, and other types of information and materials on substance abuse from various agencies, such as the U.S. Departments of Education and Labor, the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse. They staff both English- and Spanish-speaking information specialists who are skilled at recommending appropriate publications, posters, and videocassettes; conducting customized searches; providing grant and funding information; and referring people to appropriate organizations. They are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to take your calls at 1-800-729-6686. NCADI services include: * an information services staff (English, Spanish, TDD capability) equipped to respond to the public's alcohol, tobacco, and drug (ATD) inquiries; * the distribution of free or low-cost ATD materials, including fact sheets, brochures, pamphlets, monographs, posters, and video tapes from an inventory of over 1,000 items; * a repertoire of culturally-diverse prevention, intervention, and treatment resources tailored for use by parents, teachers, youth, communities and prevention/treatment professionals; * customized searches in the form of annotated bibliographies from alcohol and drug data bases; * access to the Prevention Materials database (PMD) including over 8,000 prevention-related materials and the Treatment Resources Database, available to the public in electronic form; * rapid dissemination of Federal grant announcements for ATD prevention, treatment, and research funding opportunities.

Proper citation: SAMHSAs National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (RRID:SCR_002053) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/

A physiologic and molecular look at drug addiction involving many factors including: basic neurobiology, a scientific examination of drug action in the brain, the role of genetics in addiction, and ethical considerations. Designed to be used by students, teachers and members of the public, the materials meet selected US education standards for science and health. Drug addiction is a chronic disease characterized by changes in the brain which result in a compulsive desire to use a drug. A combination of many factors including genetics, environment and behavior influence a person's addiction risk, making it an incredibly complicated disease. The new science of addiction considers all of these factors - from biology to family - to unravel the complexities of the addicted brain. * Natural Reward Pathways Exist in the Brain: The reward pathway is responsible for driving our feelings of motivation, reward and behavior. * Drugs Alter the Brain's Reward Pathway: Drugs work over time to change the reward pathway and affect the entire brain, resulting in addiction. * Genetics Is An Important Factor In Addiction: Genetic susceptibility to addiction is the result of the interaction of many genes. * Timing and Circumstances Influence Addiction: If you use drugs when you are an adolescent, you are more likely to develop lifetime addiction. An individual's social environment also influences addiction risk. * Challenges and Issues in Addiction: Addiction impacts society with many ethical, legal and social issues.

Proper citation: New Science of Addiction: Genetics and the Brain (RRID:SCR_002770) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry