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Tool that provides an interactive method to examine quantitative relationships between brain regions defined by different digital atlases or parcellation methods. Its current focus is for human brain imaging, though the techniques generalize to other domains. The method offers a quantitative answer to the nomenclature problem in neuroscience by comparing brain parts on the basis of their geometrical definitions rather than on the basis of name alone. Thus far these tools have been used to quantitatively compare eight distinct parcellations of the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM) single-subject template brain, each created using existing atlasing methods. This resources provides measures of global and regional similarity, and offers visualization techniques that allow users to quickly identify the correspondences (or lack of correspondences) between regions defined by different atlases.
Proper citation: OBART (RRID:SCR_001903) Copy
http://www.cogsci.ucsd.edu/index.php
This UCSD department, the first Cognitive Science Department in the world, provides a focus for the continued evolution of the discipline of cognitive science. Cognitive science is a diverse field unifying three broad categories: the brain, behavior and computation. It's the study of how people, animals and computers think, act and learn. In order to understand the mind/brain, cognitive science brings together the methods and discoveries from neuroscience, psychology, linguistics, anthropology, philosophy and computer science. The interdisciplinary aspects of cognitive science continue to flourish, and the participation of the broader cognitive science community on campus continues to be fundamental to cognitive science as practiced at UCSD. The interdisciplinary Ph.D. program continues to be offered as a degree option (in addition to the departmental Ph.D.), with participation by members of the Departments of Anthropology, Biology, Cognitive Science, Communication, Computer Science and Engineering, Linguistics, Music, Neuroscience, Philosophy, Psychiatry, Psychology, and Sociology. Cognitive Science is a relatively young field that focuses on conducting new research into the field or applying existing knowledge into new applications. This Department contains several research labs each specializing in different areas and the Department's faculty has also been published many times in various publications. Sponsors: This department is supported by the University of California at San Diego.
Proper citation: UCSD Cognitive Science: The Future of Cognitive Science (RRID:SCR_001926) Copy
http://neuroimage.usc.edu/brainstorm/
Software as collaborative, open source application dedicated to analysis of brain recordings: MEG, EEG, fNIRS, ECoG, depth electrodes and animal invasive neurophysiology. User-Friendly Application for MEG/EEG Analysis.
Proper citation: Brainstorm (RRID:SCR_001761) Copy
Project content including raw image data, neuronal tracings, image registration tools and analysis scripts covering three manuscripts: Comprehensive Maps of DrosophilaHigher Olfactory Centres : Spatially Segregated Fruit and Pheromone Representation which uses single cell labeling and image registration to describe the organization of the higher olfactory centers of Drosophila; Diversity and wiring variability of olfactory local interneurons in the Drosophila antennal lobe which uses single cell labeling to describe the organization of the antennal lobe local interneurons; and Sexual Dimorphism in the Fly Brain which uses clonal analysis and image registration to identify a large number of sex differences in the brain and VNC of Drosophila. Data * Raw Data of Reference Brain (pic, amira) (both seed and average) * Label field of LH and MB calyx and surfaces for these structures * Label field of neuropil of Reference Brain * Traces (before and after registration). Neurolucida, SWC and AmiraMesh lineset. * MB and LH Density Data for different classes of neuron. In R format and as separate amira files. * Registration files for all brains used in the study * MBLH confocal images for all brains actually used in the study (Biorad pic format) * Sample confocal images for antennal lobe of every PN class * Confocal stacks of GABA stained ventral PNs Programs * ImageJ plugins (Biorad reader /writer/Amira reader/writer/IGS raw Reader) * Binary of registration, warp and gregxform (macosx only, others on request) * Simple GUI for registration tools (macosx only at present) * R analysis/visualization functions * Amira Script to show examples of neuronal classes The website is a collaboration between the labs of Greg Jefferis and Liqun Luo and has been built by Chris Potter and Greg Jefferis. The core Image Registration tools were created by Torsten Rohlfing and Calvin Maurer.
Proper citation: Flybrain at Stanford (RRID:SCR_001877) Copy
The Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) Foundation is a non-profit corporation whose purpose is to foster the exchange of research on neural information processing systems in their biological, technological, mathematical, and theoretical aspects. Neural information processing is a field which benefits from a combined view of biological, physical, mathematical, and computational sciences. The primary focus of the NIPS Foundation is the presentation of a continuing series of professional meetings known as the Neural Information Processing Systems Conference, held over the years at various locations in the United States and Canada.
Proper citation: NIPS - Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (RRID:SCR_001998) Copy
http://dynamicbrain.neuroinf.jp/
THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented on January 19. 2022. Platform to promote studies on dynamic principles of brain functions through unifying experimental and computational approaches in cellular, local circuit, global network and behavioral levels. Provides services such as data sets, popular research findings and articles and current developments in field. This site has been archived since FY2019 and is no longer updated.
Proper citation: Dynamic Brain Platform (RRID:SCR_001754) Copy
Center for advancing scientific understanding and improving the health and well-being of humans and nonhuman primates. The Center conducts research in microbiology and immunology, neurologic diseases, neuropharmacology, behavioral, cognitive and developmental neuroscience, and psychiatric disorders.
Proper citation: Yerkes National Primate Research Center (RRID:SCR_001914) Copy
Databases of accumulating BMI (Brain Machine Interfaces)-related experimental data, mathematical models, and tools generated in neuroscience, computational theory, and robotics. Databases include: # Database of BMI (Brain Machine Interfaces)-related papers: More than 3500 BMI-related papers are registered. Each paper has original tags, for example, recording method and subject, for easy searching. # Database of original contents: BMI-related materials (Movie, Picture, Data, Program) provided by scientists. # Database of BMI-related research sites: 185 BMI-related research sites in the world (university, institute and company) are registered. The research site can be searched either by the location using clickable map or by the field of interest. # Database of BMI-related materials: Links to BMI-related materials (Movie, Picture, Document, Data, Program) are listed. You can easily find materials of your interest since each material is classified into research field. # BMI-related column: The columns are written by researchers specialized in BMI. Original contents include: * Neuronal activity during performance of a memory-guided movement * Reconstructed visual images from human fMRI activity * fMRI data and program for visual image reconstruction * Brain sections of monkeys, stained for several gene markers * Cortical Box Method: The Cortical box method is an analytical method that standardizes the serial coronal sections of rodent cortex for quantitative analysis. * Multineuron activity in monkey prefrontal cortex * Monkey Atlas: **Brain sections of monkeys, stained for AChE, ER81 mRNA and Sema3E mRNA - These pictures are low-resolution photos of serial brain sections of monkeys, stained for AChE as well as for ER81 and Sema3E mRNAs. The compressed file contains JPEG photos and html files for web browser navigation. Other materials are available at our website BraInSitu dedicated for in situ hybridization resources for brains. BraInSitu http://www.nibb.ac.jp/brish/indexE.html ** MRI Brain Atlas of Japanese Snow Monkey (Macaca Fuscata) at different ages - MRI Brain Atlas of Japanese Snow Monkey (Macaca Fuscata) at different ages ** The Stereotaxic MRI Brain Atlas of Japanese Snow Monkey - The Stereotaxic MRI Brain Atlas of Japanese Snow Monkey * Monkey M1 BMI ** m-file for checking the results of wrist angle estimation- This program is m-file to train the relationship between joint angles and EMG signals using artificial neural network. The input signals are four EMG signals and the output signals are joint angles of wrist, such as flexion/extension, radial deviation/uln ** m-file for training of wrist angle estimation -This program is m-file to train the relationship between joint angles and EMG signals using artificial neural network. The input signals are four EMG signals and the output signals are joint angles of wrist, such as flexion/extension, radial deviation/ulnar deviation.ar deviation. ** M1 Neuronal Activity during monkey performing a motor task - video/x-ms-wmv ** Muscle tension - To estimate muscle tension from raw emg signal ** raw EMG signal - Raw EMG signal for 5 seconds ** training data of wrist angle and emg signal - This program is m-file to train the relationship between joint angles and EMG signals using artificial neural network. The input signals are four EMG signals and the output signals are joint angles of wrist, such as flexion/extension, radial deviation/ulnar deviation. ** Weight file of neural network - This program is m-file to train the relationship between joint angles and EMG signals using artificial neural network. The input signals are four EMG signals and the output signals are joint angles of wrist, such as flexion/extension, radial deviation/ulnar deviation. * Multineuron activity in monkey prefrontal cortex: Multineuron activity in monkey prefrontal cortex recorded by 3 tetrodes. Vertical 4 lines indicate one tetrode. Adjacent tetrodes are around 500 micron apart to each other.
Proper citation: Brain Machine Interface Platform (RRID:SCR_001813) Copy
http://www.pc.rhul.ac.uk/staff/J.Larsson/software.html
Set of programs and Tk/Tcl scripts, with a GUI wrapper, for extracting the inner and outer cortical surfaces from a T1-weighted MR image of the human brain. It is based on the TFI C++ library and is written for a Unix-based environment (specifically 64-bit and 32-bit versions of Ubuntu). As a courtesy to Apple users a version for Apple/X11 is maintained but the OS X version will always lag the Linux version; also, because some of the third-party libraries SurfRelax relies on may not be supported in or compatible with future versions of OS X, there is no guarantee that the OS X version will be supported indefinitely. Although in principle SurfRelax could be run under Windows (using Cygwin), because of the difficulties of maintaining multiple platforms and the limited support libraries available under Cygwin, there will no longer be support for SurfRelax on this platform. The surfaces are guaranteed to be topologically equivalent to a sphere, thereby obviating the need for handle removal. SurfRelax requires no user intervention, although minor manual editing is recommended for optimal results (normally less than 10 minutes per hemisphere). SurfRelax has several properties that compare favorably with other software packages for surface reconstruction: * Free software - The binaries (written in C++ and Tcl/Tk) are in the public domain. The source code will be released once legacy code issues have been resolved (i.e. replacing with GPL code). * Uses standard public file formats: Analyze file format (SPM/FSL-compatible) for volumes and OOGL OFF binary format for surfaces (see www.geomview.org (http://www.geomview.org/docs/html/geomview_26.html#OOGLRef)) * Combines advantages of volumetric and surface-based methods for surface generation * Correct topology of output surface guaranteed * Requires little or no user intervention - no need for manual handle removal * Relatively robust to noise - multi-scale method compensates for partial volume effects and intensity inhomogeneities * Relatively fast (an entire brain is segmented, extracted and unfolded in less than 2 hours of CPU time) * Powerful editing and visualization tools for volumes and surfaces * Readily extendable - for instance for use with monkey brains or children's brains * Can be used to visualize functional data from SPM or FSL * Includes tools for integration with Stanford's VISTASOFT tools for FMRI data analysis (white.stanford.edu)
Proper citation: SurfRelax (RRID:SCR_002139) Copy
http://www.internationalbrainbee.com
A world-wide neuroscience competition for high school students that aims to motivate them to learn about the brain and to pursue neuroscience careers. Brain Bee tests knowledge of the human brain, including topics like intelligence, emotions, memory, sleep, vision, hearing, sensations, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, schizophrenia, epilepsy, depression, addictions and brain research.
Proper citation: Brain Bee (RRID:SCR_002248) Copy
http://www.cephalopod.org/DBMR.cfm
THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented on July 17, 2013. The center serves the biomedical research community's increased needs for alternative invertebrate models by maintaining a consistent year-round supply of live cephalopod mollusks. These animals are suitable for a wide range of physiological and molecular biological investigations. Investigations are being conducted in the area of life history related to improved animal husbandry. Further studies focus on improving culture system design through development of computer automation and innovative water filtration technology. Current biomedical research on cephalopods includes neurophysiology of the giant axon; anatomy and neurophysiology of the equilibrium receptor organ as a comparative model of the vestibular system of invertebrates; chemoreception, basic nutrition, and protein metabolism; cellular receptor function; and brain, behavior, and learning. Services Provided: The center has built a computer-automated, environmentally controlled, recirculating seawater laboratory for the purpose of culturing cephalopods. The tank systems can be used to conduct a variety of experiments never before possible with cephalopods. Visiting researchers have access to dedicated facilities, including wet and dry laboratory space, office space, computer support and accommodations, as well as priority access to all available live animal resources. Off-site investigators can have live animals, dissected animal tissues/body fluids from all life stages, and a variety of molecular reagents (gene libraries and clones) delivered year-round. Staff expertise and an extensive literature library are available. All life stages of the squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) and the common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) are available year-round from laboratory culture populations. The sepiolid squid (Euprymna scolopes) can also be cultured on request. The squid Lolliguncula brevis is available year-round from local waters; the squids Loligo opalescens, L. pealeii, and L. plei can be obtained seasonally on request. The chambered nautilus, Nautilus pompilius, and Octopus bimaculoides are available on request. Animal costs vary by species and size. Any tissue or body fluid from these animals can also be provided. Fees for special services are negotiated on a case-by-case basis.
Proper citation: National Resource Center for Cephalopods (RRID:SCR_002864) Copy
http://irc.cchmc.org/software/pedbrain.php
Brain imaging data collected from a large population of normal, healthy children that have been used to construct pediatric brain templates, which can be used within statistical parametric mapping for spatial normalization, tissue segmentation and visualization of imaging study results. The data has been processed and compiled in various ways to accommodate a wide range of possible research approaches. The templates are made available free of charge to all interested parties for research purposes only. When processing imaging data from children, it is important to take into account the fact that the pediatric brain differs significantly from the adult brain. Therefore, optimized processing requires appropriate reference data be used because adult reference data will introduce a systematic bias into the results. We have shown that, in the in the case of spatial normalization, the amount of non-linear deformation is dramatically less when a pediatric template is used (left, see also HBM 2002; 17:48-60). We could also show that tissue composition is substantially different between adults and children, and more so the younger the children are (right, see also MRM 2003; 50:749-757). We thus believe that the use of pediatric reference data might be more appropriate.
Proper citation: CCHMC Pediatric Brain Templates (RRID:SCR_003276) Copy
Portal on how the experiences of early childhood are incorporated into the structures of the developing brain, and how, in turn, those changes in the structures of the brain influence behavior. The network explores how knowledge of brain development can guide us in understanding of behavioral development and vice versa. It focuses specifically on sensitive periods and neural plasticity, the reciprocal phenomena whereby (a) the brain is negatively affected if certain experiences fail to occur within a certain time period, and (b) the brain is altered by experience at virtually any point in the life span. Here we consider not only how the structure of experience is incorporated into the structure of the brain, but also how this knowledge can influence the decisions we make about intervening in the lives of children. Research and other projects conducted by the Network fall into four broad categories: * Effects of early experience on brain development * New methods for studying brain-behavior relations * Comparative studies of early brain-behavioral development * Impact on public policy: Educating educators and the media RESOURCES NimStim Face Stimulus Set The Research Network on Early Experience and Brain Development has developed a battery of 646 facial expression stimuli for use in its own and other studies of face and emotion recognition. Images include the following expressions, displayed by a variety of models of various genders and races: fearful, happy, sad, angry, surprised, calm, neutral, disgusted. They are making these stimuli available to the public free of charge with registration and acceptance of the terms and conditions to use the stimulus set.
Proper citation: Research Network in Early Experience and Brain Development (RRID:SCR_003271) Copy
http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgVisiGene
Virtual microscope for viewing in situ images that show where a gene is used in an organism, sometimes down to cellular resolution. The user can examine cell-by-cell as well as tissue-by-tissue expression patterns. Users can retrieve images that meet specific search criteria, then interactively zoom and scroll across the collection. Image set contributions are welcome. The following image collections are currently available for browsing: * High-quality high-resolution images of eight-week-old male mouse sagittal brain slices with reverse-complemented mRNA hybridization probes from the Allen Brain Atlas, courtesy of the Allen Institute for Brain Science * Mouse in situ images from the Jackson Lab Gene Expression Database (GXD) at MGI * Transcription factors in mouse embryos from the Mahoney Center for Neuro-Oncology * Mouse head and brain in situ images from NCBI''''s Gene Expression Nervous System Atlas (GENSAT) database * Xenopus laevis in situ images from the National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB) XDB project
Proper citation: VisiGene Image Browser (RRID:SCR_003341) Copy
http://www.ispa.pt/ui/uie/ibbg/TilapiaBrainAtlas/index.html
Digital three-dimensional MRI atlas of the Mozambique tilapia brain, supported by Nissl staining. Images were viewed and analyzed in all orientations (transverse, sagittal, and horizontal) and manually labelled to reveal structures in the olfactory bulb, telencephalon, diencephalon, optic tectum, and cerebellum. The MRI atlas data (16-bit int) and delineation data (8-bit int) are provided in Raw data (file_name.raw), Amira format (file_name.am) and in Analyze format (file_name.img and file_name.hdr).
Proper citation: Brain Atlas of the Mozambique Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (RRID:SCR_003501) Copy
http://www.humanconnectomeproject.org/
A multi-center project comprising two distinct consortia (Mass. Gen. Hosp. and USC; and Wash. U. and the U. of Minn.) seeking to map white matter fiber pathways in the human brain using leading edge neuroimaging methods, genomics, architectonics, mathematical approaches, informatics, and interactive visualization. The mapping of the complete structural and functional neural connections in vivo within and across individuals provides unparalleled compilation of neural data, an interface to graphically navigate this data and the opportunity to achieve conclusions about the living human brain. The HCP is being developed to employ advanced neuroimaging methods, and to construct an extensive informatics infrastructure to link these data and connectivity models to detailed phenomic and genomic data, building upon existing multidisciplinary and collaborative efforts currently underway. Working with other HCP partners based at Washington University in St. Louis they will provide rich data, essential imaging protocols, and sophisticated connectivity analysis tools for the neuroscience community. This project is working to achieve the following: 1) develop sophisticated tools to process high-angular diffusion (HARDI) and diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) from normal individuals to provide the foundation for the detailed mapping of the human connectome; 2) optimize advanced high-field imaging technologies and neurocognitive tests to map the human connectome; 3) collect connectomic, behavioral, and genotype data using optimized methods in a representative sample of normal subjects; 4) design and deploy a robust, web-based informatics infrastructure, 5) develop and disseminate data acquisition and analysis, educational, and training outreach materials.
Proper citation: MGH-USC Human Connectome Project (RRID:SCR_003490) Copy
A web portal that aggregates information and educational materials about the brain and brain diseases. Resources such as videos, key brain concepts, and hands-on activities may be used and shared with the public.
Proper citation: brainfacts.org (RRID:SCR_003514) Copy
http://www.pediatricmri.nih.gov/
Data sets of clinical / behavioral and image data are available for download by qualified researchers from a seven year, multi-site, longitudinal study using magnetic resonance technologies to study brain maturation in healthy, typically-developing infants, children, and adolescents and to correlate brain development with cognitive and behavioral development. The information obtained in this study is expected to provide essential data for understanding the course of normal brain development as a basis for understanding atypical brain development associated with a variety of developmental, neurological, and neuropsychiatric disorders affecting children and adults. This study enrolled over 500 children, ranging from infancy to young adulthood. The goal was to study each participant at least three times over the course of the project at one of six Pediatric Centers across the United States. Brain MR and clinical/behavioral data have been compiled and analyzed at a Data Coordinating Center and Clinical Coordinating Center. Additionally, MR spectroscopy and DTI data are being analyzed. The study was organized around two objectives corresponding to two age ranges at the time of enrollment, each with its own protocols. * Objective 1 enrolled children ages 4 years, 6 months through 18 years (total N = 433). This sample was recruited across the six Pediatric Study Centers using community based sampling to reflect the demographics of the United States in terms of income, race, and ethnicity. The subjects were studied with both imaging and clinical/behavioral measures at two year intervals for three time points. * Objective 2 enrolled newborns, infants, toddlers, and preschoolers from birth through 4 years, 5 months, who were studied three or more times at two Pediatric Study Centers at intervals ranging from three months for the youngest subjects to one year as the children approach the Objective 1 age range. Both imaging and clinical/behavioral measures were collected at each time point. Participant recruitment used community based sampling that included hospital venues (e.g., maternity wards and nurseries, satellite physician offices, and well-child clinics), community organizations (e.g., day-care centers, schools, and churches), and siblings of children participating in other research at the Pediatric Study Centers. At timepoint 1, of those enrolled, 114 children had T1 scans that passed quality control checks. Staged data release plan: The first data release included structural MR images and clinical/behavioral data from the first assessments, Visit 1, for Objective 1. A second data release included structural MRI and clinical/behavioral data from the second visit for Objective 1. A third data release included structural MRI data for both Objective 1 and 2 and all time points, as well as preliminary spectroscopy data. A fourth data release added cortical thickness, gyrification and cortical surface data. Yet to be released are longitudinally registered anatomic MRI data and diffusion tensor data. A collaborative effort among the participating centers and NIH resulted in age-appropriate MR protocols and clinical/behavioral batteries of instruments. A summary of this protocol is available as a Protocol release document. Details of the project, such as study design, rationale, recruitment, instrument battery, MRI acquisition details, and quality controls can be found in the study protocol. Also available are the MRI procedure manual and Clinical/Behavioral procedure manuals for Objective 1 and Objective 2.
Proper citation: NIH MRI Study of Normal Brain Development (RRID:SCR_003394) Copy
Program consisting of three Task Forces and one Working Group to promote data exchange and integration in the neurosciences by developing terminology standards and formal ontologies for neural structures. Closely linked to the Program on Digital Brain Atlasing, the Program aims to establish a structured lexicon for the translation and definition of terms describing neural structures at multiple levels of granularity. The three Task Forces and one Working Group involved in the PONS effort: * Structural lexicon * Neuron registry * Representation and deployment * KnowledgeSpace Working Group Structural lexicon, Neuron registry, Representation and deployment, and KnowledgeSpace Working Group.
Proper citation: Program on Ontologies of Neural Structures (RRID:SCR_003549) Copy
http://www.incf.org/activities/our-programs/pons/cumbo
Ontology of formal definitions (i.e., machine processable) for the types of structures commonly described in neuroanatomy.
Proper citation: Common Upper Mammalian Brain Ontology (RRID:SCR_003629) Copy
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